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EU changes gene-edited crop rules with NGT-1 and NGT-2 categories

The European Union has changed how gene-edited crops are regulated, dividing them into NGT-1 and NGT-2 categories. The framework could ease adoption of CRISPR-based crop improvements, but limits on the number and size of edits may restrict more complex traits.

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Preprint maps how lipid nanoparticles disrupt model endosomal membranes

A bioRxiv preprint used giant unilamellar vesicles to visualise how two ionisable-lipid nanoparticles interact with model endosomal membranes. The results suggest that apparent pKa alone does not predict the pH at which functional membrane engagement occurs.