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Khabre desk
Recent reporting, analysis and explainers from the Health desk.
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The EMA’s PRAC has started reviewing reports of serious neurological and psychiatric effects linked to Deanxit, and increased allergic reactions associated with specific batches of human normal immunoglobulins. The reviews are investigations; the committee has not announced conclusions.
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A multidisciplinary Perspective in Nature Medicine argues malaria programmes in the Asia Pacific should prepare for climate-related disruptions to health systems, displacement and local environments. Its proposed priorities include linking early warnings to action and adapting vector control for displaced populations.
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In a 192-person randomised trial, high-volume injections with or without corticosteroid did not improve Achilles pain or disability over a sham injection at 12 months. The corticosteroid injection showed a small short-term benefit, followed by worse outcomes than the injection without steroid at 26 weeks.
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A single-nucleus atlas of colorectal tumours found a higher stromal-to-epithelial ratio in younger patients with microsatellite-stable cancer. The study also identified age-associated RNA signals and differences in computationally inferred cell communication.
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Researchers introduced EVLF-FM, a medical vision-language model that diagnoses images, answers questions and identifies relevant image regions. Its evaluations covered more than 1.3 million development and test samples, with external validation on 13,443 samples.
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In the phase 2 PHERGain trial, a PET- and pathology-guided strategy had an estimated five-year invasive disease-free survival of 89.5% among patients assigned to the adaptive-treatment group who underwent surgery. Exploratory ctDNA analyses linked early clearance with higher pathological complete response rates and better five-year outcomes.
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Samsung says South Korea’s MFDS cleared an expanded Galaxy wearable sleep-apnoea feature that sorts hourly breathing disturbances into three frequency levels. The rollout is due to start in Korea in November on the Galaxy Watch Ultra2, Watch9 and Galaxy Ring.
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A BMJ opinion by an Al-Shifa Hospital medical supervisor describes continued shortages, delayed procedures and restricted diagnostic services in Gaza. The account combines his experience at the hospital with system-wide figures reported in the article.
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A Nature Medicine review describes why people with obesity can differ in insulin sensitivity and related metabolic measures. It also examines how metabolic responses to weight reduction vary.
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A Nature Medicine study found that T-cell patterns in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were associated with ALS progression in different ways. CMV-specific immune responses were also linked to faster progression or shorter survival in some patient groups.
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A Nature Comment proposes combining immune-cell, protein, receptor, tissue and imaging data to build a practical picture of immune health. The authors say the priority is to identify a small set of measurements that improves clinical decisions.
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A BMJ clinical review describes how molecular classification, kidney-sparing treatment and immune-based combinations are shaping renal cell carcinoma care. It highlights improved outcomes in some settings alongside persistent resistance and a lack of validated biomarkers to guide treatment choice.
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In the single-arm MDT-BRIDGE phase 2 study, 142 people with resectable or borderline resectable non-small-cell lung cancer received durvalumab plus chemotherapy before multidisciplinary teams directed them to surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Surgery was performed in 74.6%; survival follow-up is still early.
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A study of 62 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas found genetically distinct clones within tumours and linked MYC amplification to shifts between tumour cell states. Experiments in murine and primary human models showed that reducing MYC reactivated classical gene-expression and immune-response programs.
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In the phase 2 NeoCOAST-2 trial, clearance of circulating tumour DNA during treatment was associated with longer event-free survival in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer. The Dato-DXd combination had the highest reported ctDNA-clearance and 24-month event-free-survival rates among the three arms described.
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A medRxiv preprint describes three machine-learning-derived autism profiles in two cohorts of autistic children. The profiles showed different associations with common and rare genetic variants, although the authors say larger-cohort validation is needed.
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A retrospective analysis of US transplant registry data found sex-associated differences in donor-heart sizing and treated rejection across the transplant pathway. The medRxiv preprint found no significant change across eras in the short-term survival difference between women and men.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that deleting truncated TrkB receptors in astrocytes reduced amyloid plaques and preserved synaptic markers in 5xFAD mice. The findings are from a mouse model, not a human treatment study.
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A medRxiv analysis of 354 FDA oncology approvals from 2014 through early 2025 found surrogate endpoints had become the dominant primary measure used for approval. The authors also reported different relationships between surrogate-endpoint benefits and overall survival for immunotherapy and non-immunotherapy approvals.
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A medRxiv preprint reports deep-learning models that predict HPV/p16 status and molecular subtypes of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma from routine tissue slides. The HPV-status model performed better than the model distinguishing all three subtypes.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing surveys of 26,539 recent mothers found that Bangladesh’s caesarean rate rose from 19.5% in 2012–13 to 52.0% in 2025. The researchers attributed most of the increase, in accounting terms, to more births taking place in facilities.
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A prespecified five-year analysis of RELATIVITY-047 found lower hazards of progression and death with relatlimab plus nivolumab than with nivolumab alone. Exploratory biomarker analyses also linked higher LAG-3-positive CD8 cell levels to worse outcomes on nivolumab in a defined subgroup.
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A medRxiv preprint describes a value-based care program for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at one US pediatric medical centre. From 2021 to 2025, reported HbA1c and acute-care measures improved, although the descriptive study cannot establish that the program caused the changes.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that mutations tuning complement activity changed how selected monoclonal antibodies protected neonatal mice from lethal HSV-1 infection. The effects varied with the antibody and its viral target.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that a cerebrospinal-fluid-delivered siRNA reduced prion protein to 12% residual levels in mouse brain and kept early-treated, prion-infected mice symptom-free through 500 days after inoculation. The researchers also report activity in humanized mice and cynomolgus macaques.
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In the 31-patient exploratory GDFATHER-NEO trial, nivolumab plus visugromab was associated with higher pathological and radiographic response rates than nivolumab plus placebo before bladder surgery. The small, nonrandomized study was not designed to establish long-term benefit.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that ciprofloxacin resistance mutations selected in laboratory experiments largely matched those found in in vivo data for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The authors say this supports using experimental evolution to help forecast resistance risks, while noting that other bacteria–drug combinations need study.
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A blinded preprint compared five large language models on 17 synthetic emergency-department cases. All named the reference diagnosis, but triage assignments and clinician ratings of response quality differed.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that NG-TEST Acineto-5 detected all targeted carbapenemases in a 433-isolate evaluation, with no false positives among isolates lacking them. Four of five Acinetobacter radioresistens isolates carrying an intrinsic OXA-23-like gene produced weak positive signals.
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A blinded evaluation of the AI model Ataraxis Breast CTX in SWOG-8814 found its scores were associated with disease-free survival. Results suggesting it could identify chemotherapy benefit were exploratory.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 520 tumour genomes from eight countries reports similar mutational landscapes in oesophageal and gastroesophageal-junction adenocarcinomas. It also links reflux-associated mutation signatures with obesity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and reports geographic differences in other signatures.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that ANO6 helps organize contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, directing vulnerable lipids into protective droplets in chemoresistant breast cancer models. Disrupting the system with niclosamide resensitized models to ferroptosis.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes CIDER, a whole-genome sequencing score based on reconstructed T-cell receptor sequences. In patient cohorts, higher scores were associated with better outcomes among people treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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A medRxiv preprint reports five genetic loci associated with age at Parkinson’s disease onset in a meta-analysis of 50,859 people with the disease. The findings include signals near SNCA, GBA1 and HIP1R, while the APOE association may reflect effects on longevity.
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The BMJ has published a practical guide for clinicians on preparing for and responding to extreme weather events, which have increased five-fold over the past 50 years. The guide provides a structured approach for assessing patient exposure and vulnerability, maintaining continuity of care during disasters, and supporting recovery afterward.
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In the phase 1/2 START-001 trial, four of 27 participants at selected doses had confirmed partial responses to invikafusp alfa. The early results also supported 0.08 mg/kg as the recommended phase 2 dose.
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An analysis of 783 patients with lymphoma linked a higher proportion of naive-like T cells in CAR T products to longer progression-free survival. The association was also found in an independent validation cohort.
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In the randomized AMPLIFY-7P phase 2 trial, camupepimut did not significantly improve disease-free survival across all participants after pancreatic cancer surgery. Prespecified subgroup analyses and immune-response findings provide signals for testing in a larger trial.
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The EMA’s Emergency Task Force and the African Medicines Agency published guidance on clinical trials for vaccines against Bundibugyo virus. It sets out ways to speed development while retaining participant safeguards and rigorous evaluation.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that medetomidine’s co-presence in fentanyl samples submitted to a Southern California drug-checking programme rose from about 6% in May 2025 to about 25% by August 2026. The study analysed drug samples, not patient outcomes, and has not yet undergone peer review.
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A medRxiv preprint comparing APOLLAI with emergency medical services raters on recordings from 295 patients with suspected stroke reports higher sensitivity for the AI system across five neurological tasks. The authors say prospective validation in real-world EMS conditions is needed.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that chemical testing found undeclared kratom-related compounds in all 46 products sampled under a cat’s claw label. Five also contained tianeptine, an antidepressant not approved in the United States.
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A single-centre preprint reports that disease-specific models using one plasma protein panel classified Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and ALS in a 302-person neurological cohort. The authors say multicentre external validation is needed before clinical application.
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A statistical model estimated that testing for recent tuberculosis infection could reduce the median number of people needed for a vaccine trial by 4.2- to 6-fold compared with long-lasting IGRA positivity under favourable conditions. The estimates are preprint model results, and the authors say candidate tests still need to be characterised.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports insulin-binding B cells in people with stage 1 and stage 2 type 1 diabetes, including some without detectable insulin autoantibodies. The findings suggest that antibody tests alone may miss some insulin-directed immune activity.
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A medRxiv preprint presents IMPGAT, a method that infers cell-level flow cytometry gating from sample-level cell-frequency annotations. In leukemia datasets, its reported results were comparable to expert variability in ALL and to a supervised model in AML.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that the bacterial enzyme LysM can kill several Gram-negative hospital pathogens and disrupt their biofilms, particularly when combined with EDTA. Tests included laboratory experiments and a human airway organoid model, not treatment in patients.
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A medRxiv preprint analysed gene activity in 1.4 million immune cells from 345 people across 13 Indigenous South American populations. Genetic ancestry was associated with many expression differences, often after immune stimulation.
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A commissioned BMJ opinion argues that conflict and climate change are worsening local food insecurity, even as global calorie production per person rises. It calls for more resilient food systems and targeted support for vulnerable households.
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Nature Medicine has issued an expression of concern over image irregularities in a 2014 study of gastrointestinal organoids. The editors advise caution about specified images while saying the study’s main conclusions appear supported by its other data.
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A Global Burden of Disease analysis estimates that pertussis incidence and age-standardized mortality declined between 1990 and 2023. Its modeled estimates show that the highest population-adjusted mortality risk remained among infants aged 1–5 months.
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A Global Burden of Disease Study estimates that measles cases among children under 5 rose to 15.6 million worldwide in 2023, with 118,000 deaths. The rebound followed years of falling disease burden and coincided with a slight decline in first-dose vaccine coverage.
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In a cohort of 461,682 older US adults, total ultra-processed food intake was not associated with colorectal cancer incidence. Associations differed for specific dietary components, including meat, whole grains, fibre and dairy.
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A Danish nationwide screening effort found conventional HER2-positive status in 62 of 806 people with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a small phase II trial, trastuzumab-based treatment showed responses, while tissue mapping found HER2-poor fibrotic areas enriched for B7-H3.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 16 Ugandan districts from 2017 to 2022 found that higher prevalence of Kelch13 artemisinin-resistance markers was associated with higher confirmed malaria incidence. The observational analysis also found associations with partner-drug resistance markers, climate and malaria-control coverage.
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Rentokil Initial and Debug say more than 1.5 million male Asian tiger mosquitoes carrying a Wolbachia strain were released in Barcelona as part of a mosquito-suppression pilot. The companies cite a separate Rome trial, where fertile overwintering egg production fell by up to 88% in the 2025 season compared with control areas.
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An analysis of All of Us health records estimated that about one in nine adults who had experienced Long COVID carried a corresponding diagnosis code, under assumptions comparing the records with federal survey data. Models rebuilt from released counts showed moderate ability to predict later coding, but performance varied by metric and site.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that surgically induced renovascular hypertension caused white-matter injury in rats, with brain AT1R signaling implicated in the damage. Human cohort analyses linked renal artery stenosis and angiotensin receptor blocker use with MRI measures of white-matter disease.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that trial eligibility criteria can create apparent differences in lipid-lowering treatment response by polygenic risk score, even when the true genetic interaction is set to zero. Its cohort analyses found little evidence that coronary artery disease risk scores modified statin effects.
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A randomised trial at BMJ Open found that asking authors to use a SPIRIT-based template during revision modestly improved the completeness of randomised trial protocols. Revision times were similar between groups, although some responding authors found the template time-consuming.
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A BMJ editorial argues that UK safeguards for non-surgical cosmetic procedures remain inadequate, particularly around practitioner training, consent, aftercare and complication management. It points to the scale of these procedures and reports of serious harm presented to Parliament.
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A medRxiv preprint tested eight general-purpose large language models on 100 neurology board-style questions. Confidence estimates were often too high, while agreement across repeated answers best distinguished correct from incorrect responses.
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A Japanese medRxiv preprint reports clinically concordant genomic diagnoses in 10 of 108 sequenced patients who began dialysis by age 50, after clinically apparent polycystic kidney disease was excluded. Nine diagnoses had pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic support.
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A medRxiv preprint tested a structural MRI model for psychosis risk across four independent clinical high-risk cohorts. Its discrimination was weak, predicted risks transferred poorly, and exploratory analyses found variation by negative-symptom severity.
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A medRxiv preprint assesses where Japanese encephalitis virus circulated in Australia during 2021–23 and where environmental conditions were suitable for transmission. It identifies northern floodplains and inland eastern areas as regions with both high estimated suitability and strong evidence of circulation.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that activating perivascular thermogenic fat improved aortic stenosis in mice. In human PET-CT scans, thermogenic-fat activity was inversely correlated with measures of disease severity.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing dengue cases across 435 Brazilian health regions reports that climate information improved forecasts at lead times of one to 12 months. The authors found different combinations of dry, warm and wet conditions associated with higher relative risk across climate zones.
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A medRxiv preprint combining 82 population surveys found that bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB prevalence rose with age across 30 low- and middle-income countries. Notification-to-prevalence ratios fell in older age groups, which the authors say suggests poorer case detection.
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A BMJ editorial calls for enforceable heat-stress standards and workplace protections, including measures that cover informal workers. It argues that controls should address both exposure and workers’ ability to rest or stop work without losing income.
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An analysis of the MIDAS trial linked molecular features of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma to measurable residual disease after quadruplet induction. A model combining genomic, gene-expression and DNA-methylation data achieved an AUC of 0.77 in a held-out group from the same trial.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that NOSTRA, a small molecule found through a DNA-encoded library screen, stabilises the NOS1AP–SCRIB interaction. In Alzheimer’s patient-derived neurons, the researchers report changes in several cellular measures, including amyloid-beta ratio, p-tau217 and network activity.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that an antisense oligonucleotide targeting expanded human ATN1 improved seizure-related outcomes in a humanized mouse model of DRPLA. The findings come from mice, not a human treatment study.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that antibodies targeting the HCMV gH/UL116 envelope complex can neutralize the virus or activate Fcγ receptors, depending on where they bind. Immunization with the complex also elicited antibody responses in mice linked to both activities.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing reconstructed data from ten phase 3 kidney-cancer trials finds that the added disease-free-survival benefit of belzutifan may weaken after 12 months. Estimates of the later benefit differ by assessment method.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that bacteria sampled from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis differed in susceptibility to some bacteriophages. The findings point to variation in bacterial cell-surface features as one possible reason and highlight a challenge for phage therapy.
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A BMJ obituary recounts Alan Lucas’s 1982 multicentre trial of feeding in preterm infants and later follow-up research on development and health. It credits Lucas with coining “nutritional programming” for the idea that early nutrition can shape outcomes later in life.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports elevated activation in virus-specific CD8 T cells from a subset of people with long COVID. The immune-cell profiles are consistent with persistent antigen stimulation, but provide an indirect signal rather than direct detection of viral antigens.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes NeoOmni Atlas, a database built by reanalysing mass-spectrometry data from 26 cancer types. It catalogues HLA-presented peptides and computationally prioritises potential tumour-associated and tumour-specific targets.
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A South African benchmark of 4,999 verbal-autopsy records found supervised AI models improved cause-of-death assignment over the InSilicoVA comparator. Combining interview narratives with symptom questionnaires produced different gains depending on the metric.
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An analysis of US county data from 2011 to 2025 found that measles outbreaks have become more closely associated with local vaccination coverage and have spread more often across county borders. A spatial model identified counties at higher risk, and projected that a five-percentage-point coverage increase in the highest-risk counties could reduce long-term national measles risk by more than 90%.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that a defined consortium of four enteric microbes gave laboratory mice several immune features seen in pet-store mice and adults. The authors also report changes in tumour patterns and CAR T-cell responses in mouse models.
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A preclinical study found that activating PPARδ in immune cells improved tumour control and checkpoint therapy responses in mouse models of immune-evasive colorectal cancer. Experiments with human cells and tumour organoids also showed stronger anti-tumour activity.
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A UK observational study followed 8,127 women receiving GLP-1-based treatment through a structured digital care programme. Among those with six-month weight measurements, average weight loss was 15.5% of starting weight.
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A single-site phase 1 trial evaluated D2C7-ATC, an EGFR-targeted antibody-toxin conjugate, in recurrent malignant glioma. Among 72 patients with IDH-wild-type recurrent glioblastoma, median overall survival was 7.9 months.
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EMA’s human medicines committee recommended six new medicines and five extensions of existing medicines’ indications at its 12–15 October 2026 meeting. The recommendations are not final EU marketing authorisations.
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A medRxiv preprint reports rare biallelic BECN1 variants in two unrelated families and connects the gene to AMPA-receptor regulation. Mouse and zebrafish experiments support the proposed biological mechanism.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 81,870 UK Biobank participants found that structural deviations with ageing and neurological disease were concentrated in the basal forebrain’s Ch4 compartment. The study also linked Ch4 deficits with later dementia and Parkinson’s disease diagnoses.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that CRISPR-Cas13X.1 targeting the HIV-1 TAR RNA element reduced viral gene expression and reactivation in laboratory models. The findings include experiments in HIV-infected primary immune cells, but are preclinical.
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An Insilico Medicine preprint reports AUROCs of 0.828 for efficacy and 0.809 for safety/toxicity endpoint prediction on a test set of trials initiated in 2021 or later. It also introduces a benchmark of 2,040 ongoing trials for prospective evaluation as outcomes become available.
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A BMJ letter argues that wildfire prevention should distinguish what starts a fire from the conditions that help it grow. It says climate change can lengthen fire seasons, dry fuels and increase extreme fire weather.
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The EMA’s human medicines committee recommended EU marketing authorisation for Rasonque, an oral treatment for adults with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In a phase 3 study reported by EMA, median overall survival was 12.4 months with Rasonque and 6.7 months with chemotherapy.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that MK2-deficient mice had more persistent colonic inflammation after chemical injury and produced fewer pro-resolving lipid mediators. Giving these mediators during recovery improved several measures of healing in the mice.
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A retrospective study using US health records found that dementia-risk associations varied among individual angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The results are observational and the authors say randomized trials are needed for confirmation.
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A BMJ editorial argues that FDA adverse-event reports can flag medical-device safety concerns, while clinical registries help measure risk. It cites a cross-sectional study that found frequent errors and delays in MAUDE summary reports.
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Intero Biosystems describes GastroScreen, a platform of human iPSC-derived intestinal organoids for preclinical drug and disease studies. The company says the models combine several intestinal cell types and support functional assays.
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In a phase 1a study of 20 healthy adults, 15 developed a fourfold rise in antibody titres against both cholera serotypes after a second PanChol dose. The preprint also reports reduced vaccine shedding after the booster, an indirect measure of intestinal immunity rather than a measure of protection from cholera illness.
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A BMJ editorial argues that growth in commercial testosterone prescribing could shift treatment monitoring and side-effect management to the NHS. It calls for national reporting of private prescriptions and transfers of care.
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A cross-sectional study of 6,308 summary reports in the FDA’s MAUDE database found frequent reporting errors, missing device-problem detail and delays. The reports covered 159,503 adverse events from July 2019 to June 2025.
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Nature Medicine has issued an Editorial Expression of Concern over figure data in a 2017 mouse study of thyroid hormone and lung fibrosis. The notice identifies concerns in three figures and says original data for one blot could not be located.
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A Nature Medicine editorial argues that clinical AI needs to be evaluated in real care settings, not just on performance metrics. It highlights workflow fit, local adaptation, safety and ongoing monitoring as conditions for useful deployment.
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A phase 1 trial tested a personalized neoantigen vaccine after platinum chemotherapy in people with high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. The researchers reported biological activity signals in six of 10 vaccinated patients, alongside immune responses in blood and tumour.
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In a randomized phase 2 trial of 54 men with high-volume metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer, talazoparib plus enzalutamide produced a high PSA response rate but no clear advantage over enzalutamide alone. Severe adverse events were more frequent with the combination, and two patients developed fatal acute myeloid leukaemia.
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A medRxiv systematic review of 39 studies found that mental-health treatment outcomes for autistic people varied by intervention. Where significant differences were reported, they generally involved smaller improvements rather than no benefit.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes HistoProfile, an AI model that estimates immune-marker measurements from routine cancer tissue slides. The authors report AUROCs of 0.78–0.89 for distinguishing biomarker-high from biomarker-low tumours.
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A medRxiv preprint pooling two randomized trials found no statistically significant difference in 90-day mortality between intravenous cefazolin and antistaphylococcal penicillins for adults with MSSA bacteremia. Estimates for kidney injury and treatment discontinuation favoured cefazolin in direction but were imprecise.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that a fine-tuned ECG foundation model detected rheumatic mitral stenosis across 12-, 6- and 1-lead ECG configurations. Its external-validation AUROC ranged from 0.77 to 0.82, supporting further study of ECG screening and echocardiography triage.
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A single-centre retrospective study found routine clinical data could help rank likely genetic conditions in children with congenital heart disease. The AI models were evaluated in a selected cohort, so the results are a research finding rather than evidence of clinical diagnostic performance.
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An analysis of Bangladesh’s 2025 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey found blood lead at or above 3.5 µg/dL in 17.7% of tested pregnant women, with levels concentrated in greater Dhaka. The medRxiv preprint also found an association between maternal and young-child lead levels.
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A medRxiv preprint reports lower HbA1c in the BCG group of a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, with follow-up extending to eight years. The abstract also reports reduced insulin dose and no recovery of C-peptide from negligible baseline levels.
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A Nature Medicine research briefing reports that cachectic weight-loss episodes in 52,236 cancer patients were associated with lower survival and disease progression. The study also identified laboratory and tumour-genotype patterns and trained models to predict impending cachexia risk.
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Researchers tested a smartphone-based AI platform that let 13 hospitalised adults with epilepsy receive EEG alerts, query personal data and label seizure detections. In simulations, fine-tuning seizure detectors with patient feedback reduced false alarms, but the study was a small inpatient proof of concept.
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A medRxiv preprint pooling five phase III trials reports lower all-cause mortality and better functional and health-status outcomes with disease-modifying treatments for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Exploratory subgroup results found smaller effects on several non-mortality measures among patients taking a background stabilizer.
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A medRxiv preprint reports five DNA-methylation clusters in 138 Wilms tumours and a classifier that identified WT1-driven tumours with about 90% accuracy. The researchers say using these patterns to guide genetic reanalysis uncovered previously unrecognised WT1 variants, including one that led to surveillance enrolment.
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A preprint analysis of Bangladesh’s 2025 household survey estimates that about 9 million people live in households whose tested water source exceeded an electrical-conductivity threshold of 1,500 µS/cm. The high readings were concentrated in coastal districts.
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In a study of 700 simulated conversations, five free AI chatbots maintained sleep apnoea referral recommendations in neutral exchanges but did so less often when the simulated patient minimised symptoms. The medRxiv preprint measured chatbot responses to scripted scenarios, not outcomes in real patients.
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An analysis of more than 300 million laboratory tests reconstructed group-level changes around the final menstrual period and found step-like shifts across many body systems. The study also found hormone changes beginning more than a decade before that point and an observational association between menopausal hormone therapy and smaller shifts.
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In a prospective study of 16 neurologically intact patients under propofol-based general anesthesia, norepinephrine raised mean arterial pressure by about 26% without increasing cerebral blood flow. The findings apply to this study setting and do not directly establish how pressure augmentation affects patients with acute neurological conditions.
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A longitudinal study linked routine clinical records from 52,236 adults with cancer to identify recurring episodes of significant weight loss. The episodes clustered around disease progression and were associated with consistent blood-marker changes and several tumor mutations.
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A medRxiv preprint introduces KampoBench, a physician-revised benchmark testing 10 large language models on 74 Japanese Kampo consultation scenarios. The results point to a gap between naming relevant information and applying it to a specific case.
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A medRxiv preprint reports a remote, voice-based method for testing patient-facing AI intake chatbots with standardized-patient encounters. In a pilot, the chatbot covered fewer critical history elements in harder cases, while summary ratings remained near ceiling.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that BCKDK inhibitors relax blood vessels by antagonising the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), independently of BCKDK and branched-chain amino-acid breakdown. The experimental findings raise the possibility that some effects of these inhibitors arise from this separate receptor action.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that CD19-targeted engineered regulatory T cells persisted for more than four months and reduced several measures of lupus in two mouse models. The findings are preclinical, not results from patients.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that label-free imaging of 10 μL whole-blood samples distinguished sepsis from other critical illness and healthy controls in a prospective study. The study included 29 critically ill adults, so its performance findings are preliminary.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that RNF213 activity is regulated by a switch between closed and open protein dimers. The authors say Moyamoya-associated mutations can destabilise the closed state and bypass this control in laboratory experiments.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes a continuous score derived from regional amyloid PET scans that captured early-stage variation and was associated with faster subsequent memory decline in two cohorts. The authors present it as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, global amyloid burden.
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A preprint analysing Bangladesh’s 2025 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey estimates that 38.5% of children aged 12–59 months had elevated blood lead. Prevalence was higher in wealthier and urban households, though it remained substantial in the poorest group.
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A prospective six-patient preprint evaluated Hiporfin for fluorescence-guided surgery and cavity photodynamic therapy in recurrent glioblastoma. Fluorescence had moderate specimen-level diagnostic accuracy, with some tumour samples not fluorescing.
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A preprint reports that four large language models more often matched clinical questions to supporting evidence when given access to a larger corpus of precision evidence-based findings. The evaluation used 209 synthetic questions and measured evidence alignment and faithful reporting.
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A Nature Medicine scoping review found that 482 of 3,967 studies citing TRIPOD or TRIPOD+AI reported sharing analytical code. Of 380 repositories the researchers could characterize, documentation, dependency details and tests were often missing.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that the RIG-I agonist SLR14 reduced infection or viral replication in human-derived cells and improved outcomes in infected mice. The findings come from cell and animal experiments, not human treatment studies.
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A retrospective analysis of 11 Kenyan neonatal units found weekly admissions nearly halved during the 2024 physicians’ strike and returned to baseline afterward. Inpatient mortality showed no measurable overall change, while case fatality among newborns with recorded infection doubled.
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An analysis of three Bangladesh household surveys estimates that the share of drinking-water sources above 10 ppb arsenic fell between 2012–13 and 2025. Different test kits used across the surveys make the size of the decline uncertain.
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A bioRxiv preprint analysing 1,501 publicly available Enterobacterales genomes found 241 combinations of genes from five carbapenemase families. It also reports that cross-family combinations increased over time in the dataset.
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A bioRxiv preprint analysing 20,331 E. coli genomes identifies ST361 as an emerging carbapenem-resistant clone associated with urinary tract infection. The researchers also link its common surface-polysaccharide type to virulence in mouse infection models.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that the bispecific biologic T4IL15∆ reactivated latent virus in clinical samples, HIV-1-infected humanized mice and SIV-infected macaques. The results are from ex vivo and animal studies, not treatment in people.
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A 12-patient preprint reports that duplex sequencing detected the aristolochic acid-associated SBS22a mutation signature in blood and urine from patients with signature-positive urothelial tumours. The findings are a proof of concept, not yet a validated population screening test.
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A cross-sectional UK Biobank study found that white matter lesion volume had a different association with brain parenchymal fraction in people carrying certain NOTCH3 variants. The findings come from a medRxiv preprint and need to be interpreted in light of the small number of carriers studied.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that C3a receptor signalling in leptin-receptor neurons contributes to leptin resistance and obesity-related cardiac changes in mice. Human measurements of complement markers offer an associated finding, not evidence that targeting the pathway treats obesity in people.
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A medRxiv preprint reports genetic evidence that higher BMI increases HbA1c and random glucose in African- and European-ancestry groups in UK Biobank. Estimates for African-American and Ugandan groups in a separate analysis were less precise.
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A secondary analysis of the two-year FINGER trial found that Alzheimer’s-related blood markers were associated with cognitive trajectories, but did not significantly modify the cognitive benefit of a multidomain lifestyle intervention. The findings come from a medRxiv preprint.
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A medRxiv preprint describes retrospective records for 57 osteosarcoma patients given mifamurtide through access programmes at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Outcomes differed by disease setting, and the authors reported no serious adverse events considered possibly or probably related to the drug.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that age-related bone loss in mice coincided with impaired glycolysis in bone tissue. Caloric restriction and osteoblast-specific genetic interventions that enhanced glycolysis improved bone outcomes in the mice.
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A medRxiv preprint describes MINT, a foundation model trained and validated on 766,733 pediatric emergency visits. The authors report advantages over task-specific models in 21 of 25 comparisons and stronger performance than physicians on one respiratory-support forecasting task.
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Google describes a study with 2,000 mothers in Nairobi and Chicago that used AI to interpret video from simple “blind sweep” ultrasound scans. The company says the model estimated gestational age and fetal presentation as accurately as a trained sonographer.
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Google says two Earth AI research prototypes helped public-health teams map communities at risk during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The company also describes research using population and environmental data to forecast several health trends.
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A phase 1 follow-up of four patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma found that one maintained a stringent complete response for 15 months. The other three progressed within five months, and median progression-free survival was 4.0 months.
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A Nature Medicine study introduces the openly released MedGemma models and MedSigLIP, a medical-image encoder, and evaluates them across medical text and imaging benchmarks. The results suggest useful starting points for adapted systems, while clinical applications still require task-specific validation.
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A preprint reports that a peripheral stent designed to accommodate leg movement was associated with less neointimal growth and inflammation in minipigs. The animal study followed two groups for three and six months.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that the RAF inhibitor ELV-3111, combined with a MEK inhibitor, suppressed MAPK signalling and produced tumour regressions in RAS- and BRAF-mutant models. The findings describe preclinical research, not patient outcomes.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports four genomic subtypes of mucosal melanoma and immune-cell patterns associated with disease progression and immunotherapy resistance. The findings point to TIM-3 as a possible research target, not an established treatment.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that muFM, a model pretrained on more than 1.7 million unlabeled micro-ultrasound images, improved performance on three prostate image-analysis tasks. Gains were largest when the model was fine-tuned with limited annotated data.
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A preprint simulation estimates that faster, strategically placed PCR laboratories could avert more future deaths in the modeled 2026 Bundibugyo Ebola epidemic. The projections depend on assumed epidemic-control conditions and are not results from a laboratory deployment.
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Nolla Health says its Nolla Derm app has begun a Utah pilot that can issue initial acne-treatment prescriptions to residents aged 18 and older. The staged program starts with physician approval of every AI-generated prescription.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 2017–2023 claims data reports that 0.43% of mifepristone uses in its medication-abortion cohort were followed by a serious adverse event within 45 days. The retrospective study classified outcomes using claims-based criteria aligned with FDA seriousness criteria.
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Researchers used self-reported data from 6.1 million people in 118 countries to create reference curves for pain across ages 5 to over 100. The estimates show different age patterns by pain site and higher late-life prevalence of several pain types in lower-HDI settings.
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In a 810-person phase 3 trial in China, all three safiglipron doses were non-inferior to dapagliflozin for HbA1c reduction at 32 weeks. The 90 mg dose also met a prespecified superiority criterion in a separate analysis, while gastrointestinal events and treatment discontinuations were more frequent with safiglipron.
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NVIDIA’s October 2026 blog profiles four startup companies developing AI tools for breast imaging, risk assessment and treatment planning. The systems are separate products and projects, with FDA clearance specified for two of them.
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An analysis of 16 quarterly HIV treatment cohorts in Uganda found that median retention among children and adolescents was lower at 24 months than at six months after starting ART. Retention also varied by region.
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A medRxiv preprint describes an algorithm that identified 880,926 pregnancies in Greater Manchester primary-care records. Validation results varied by outcome, with a substantial gap between the register’s miscarriage and termination rates and published UK estimates.
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A study of 62,560 individuals across diverse ancestries found no evidence that rare variants in TMEM106B are associated with Parkinson's disease risk. The findings suggest the gene's rare variation does not play a major role in PD susceptibility, despite evidence that TMEM106B expression is altered in the brains of people with the disease.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that three adapted machine-learning models were evaluated on videourodynamic data from an independent cohort of patients with spina bifida. A model combining pressure-volume measurements and fluoroscopic images had the strongest reported results for predicting hydronephrosis and classifying bladder dysfunction.
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A study of 30,533 US adults found that among three routine blood-test inflammatory indices, only the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio independently predicted cardiovascular mortality, with SII and PLR adding little predictive value.
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A preprint describes a causal digital-twin framework that estimates individual survival benefit from chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in head and neck cancer, stratified by HPV status.
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A retrospective preprint describes a machine-learning model that combines CT-derived radiomics with clinical information to predict outcomes after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. The authors report improved performance over clinical and conventional imaging variables alone.
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At EMA’s first multi-stakeholder workshop on women’s health, Executive Director Emer Cooke called for a practical, measurable roadmap to address gaps in research, diagnosis and treatment. The agency plans to publish a report of the workshop’s findings and proposed next steps.
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The European Medicines Agency plans to begin work on a modernised Clinical Trials Information System platform in early 2027. The upgrade is intended to support changes proposed in the EU Biotech Act, which remains under discussion.
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EMA advises marketing authorisation holders to submit specified Type IA variations by 20 November and Type IB filings by 30 November 2026. The dates are tentative and may shift with submission volumes and complexity.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that KPB82 selectively inhibits ACER2 and reduces doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in several cell models, including tumor-derived cells. The findings are from laboratory experiments, not studies in animals or patients.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that reducing the catalytic activity of immunotoxin payloads improved selectivity between receptor-high and receptor-low cells. In an in vivo HER2-targeted test, the attenuated version had a 400-fold higher maximum tolerated dose than its wild-type counterpart.
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The FDA approved the Autus Size-Adjustable Valve for children with congenital pulmonary valve disease. It can be widened after implantation as a child grows, though longer-term studies are still underway.
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A Nature Medicine commentary describes clinical AI agents that use consistency-based gating to refer uncertain cases. It says the process after referral has not yet been tested.
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A cluster-randomized trial in northern Nigeria found higher card-verified measles vaccination coverage when small-quantity nutrient supplements were offered alongside routine immunization. The study tested a delivery strategy in 20 clusters, not the effect of the supplement alone.
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A Nature Medicine study reports that urine cell-free RNA sequencing detected localized bladder cancer with 95% sensitivity at 90% specificity. The researchers also investigated its potential for detecting residual disease and predicting response to bladder treatments.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports deep-learning models that distinguished people with 12 rare neuromuscular diseases from healthy controls using movement data derived from smartphone video. The researchers also developed an impairment score that correlated with participants’ functional ratings and run speed.
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A single-centre preprint comparing 4,055 men reports earlier erectile recovery and higher potency rates after prostatectomy when surgeons used a dehydrated amniotic membrane nerve wrap. The comparison was retrospective, with the control group treated before the wrap was introduced.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that pregnancy changes gene expression in several hormone-sensitive brain-cell populations in mice. Removing one neuronal type prevented implantation and viable pregnancy in the animals studied.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that protein profiles from the esophageal String Test distinguished active eosinophilic esophagitis from healthy and reflux-disease groups. The exploratory findings point to a mix of inflammatory, epithelial and tissue-remodelling proteins.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports a ClinVar-derived AlphaGenome Variant Impact quantile cutoff of 0.9938 for prioritising single-nucleotide variants. Nearly half of the uncertain variants assessed exceeded that threshold, but the result is a prioritisation signal, not a clinical reclassification.
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A pooled analysis of 1,038 patients found 86.5% five-year overall survival after neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors for resectable melanoma. Among patients whose tumours had a major pathological response, estimated five-year survival was 98%.
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In the 52-week REMODEL trial, semaglutide was associated with changes in kidney vascular measures and tissue signals in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The three coprimary MRI outcomes did not differ significantly from placebo.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that StrokeAgent matched expert-adjudicated final decisions in 86% of a curated set of 100 acute-stroke cases. The system processes clinical records, laboratory results, ECG waveforms and CT images as information becomes available.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that a time-aware machine-learning model identified some cases of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) hours before delivery using labour monitoring data. The analysis covered 174,186 deliveries and evaluated performance at a fixed 15% false-positive rate.
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The European Medicines Agency has endorsed an ICMRA statement calling for scientifically valid alternatives to animal testing throughout the human-medicine lifecycle. Regulators also call for tighter justification of animal-based batch-release tests.
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A preprint meta-analysis of 14 observational studies found that preoperative anaemia was associated with higher odds of transfusion, kidney complications, early mortality and infection after adult cardiac surgery. The authors report low or very low certainty for these findings and say the observational evidence cannot establish causation.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes a genetic switch that uses lenalidomide to trigger the death of engineered human T cells, including CAR T cells. The work reports preclinical cell experiments, not clinical testing.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that an early interferon-responsive neutrophil program tracked resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer. Genetic disruption of interferon signalling in neutrophils improved treatment responses in those models.
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A bioRxiv preprint found that many capsule types in Pakistani carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes have no phage described in the literature. It identifies the South Asian capsule type KL81 as a target for future phage-isolation work.
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An externally peer-reviewed BMJ analysis argues that menstrual-tracking apps and cycle-syncing advice have limited evidence for improving health or performance. It also highlights privacy risks and the potential for misleading recommendations.
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The Thirlwall inquiry recommended live-streaming cameras on every neonatal cot and incubator in England. NHS England is due to set out an implementation roadmap by 31 March 2027, with privacy, safeguarding and the expected safety benefit among the key considerations.
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The European Medicines Agency plans to publish a roadmap by the end of 2026 to improve how women’s health is considered in medicines development and regulation. Ten proposed priorities include better clinical-trial representation, stronger evidence and clearer communication of benefits and risks.
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A randomized phase 2b trial compared the oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01 plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Progression-free survival was longer in the VCN-01 group, while overall-survival results differed between the trial’s analysis populations.
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A prospective cohort study of 12,235 adults in England linked more days above WHO daily NO₂ guideline values with faster subsequent decline in memory and verbal fluency. The observational findings come from a medRxiv preprint.
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A medRxiv preprint introduces GenSep, a framework that estimates how distinct disease subtypes could be using genetic information and compares that benchmark with polygenic risk scores. Across 18 subtype pairs, the authors report that current scores captured a small share of the estimated genetic separation.
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A medRxiv preprint links ASXL1-mutant clonal haematopoiesis with aortic stenosis in human cohorts and reports enhanced calcification in a cultured-cell model. In laboratory experiments, blocking IL-1 or IL-6 reduced calcification.
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A medRxiv preprint describes a six-site RNA-splicing signature that distinguished 19 people with a specific RNU4-2 variant from study controls. The researchers propose it as a biomarker for therapeutic development, with results so far focused on T-loop variants.
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Researchers report open-source MATLAB and Python software that recovered ECG waveforms with zero error from non-clipped GE MUSE vector PDFs in a test of 1,632 PDF–XML pairs. The method uses information retained in the PDFs’ vector encoding and is specific to MUSE-generated files.
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A medRxiv preprint describes CARE-MVLM, a mammography vision-language model designed to provide region-grounded evidence and abstain when an answer is not supported. Its authors report stronger lesion-sensitive abstention than the comparison models in an evaluation using 7,358 curated triplets from three public datasets.
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A medRxiv preprint describes FRANK, a neural-network classifier trained on childhood tumour and normal-tissue RNA-seq data. The authors report 98.3% overall accuracy across nine validation datasets containing 16,398 samples.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that Clec18a dampened inflammatory responses in cell and mouse experiments. The authors propose that it acts through Mincle, TRPM7-dependent calcium entry and the enzyme Cbl.
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A Nature Medicine review surveys barriers to reproducible biomedical research and proposes a practical framework for researchers, institutions, journals and funders. It highlights the potential costs of research findings that cannot be reproduced.
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A Nature editorial argues that AI tools influencing clinical decisions should be evaluated transparently in real-world settings before deployment. It points to limited use of patient data in published evaluations and says testing should be proportionate to risk.
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In a first-in-human phase 1 trial, the oral WRN inhibitor RO7589831 produced disease control in 74.2% of 66 evaluable patients with MSI cancers, with confirmed partial responses in seven. The study selected two doses for further testing, while tumour biopsies did not provide a conclusive measure of target engagement.
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In a 284-person phase 3 trial in China, once-daily oral safiglipron lowered HbA1c more than placebo over 32 weeks in adults with early type 2 diabetes. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common and increased with dose.
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A bioRxiv preprint links CXCR6-positive tissue-resident CD4 memory T cells with response to immune checkpoint inhibition in a glioma model. Analysis of patient tumour tissue also found an association with longer overall survival.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes SpiraMed, a helical catheter designed to deliver therapies across a brain target through one access path per target. Testing in phantoms, sheep and cadaveric human brain reported improved coverage and reduced reflux, but the work is preclinical.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that D-handed histidine-functionalised graphene quantum dots preferentially disrupt virus-associated membrane structures. The work describes antiviral activity in laboratory experiments and protection in mice challenged with human coronavirus OC43.
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A systematic review discussed by two paediatric respiratory physicians links vaping among children and young people with respiratory symptoms, mental-health concerns and later cigarette smoking. The authors call for governments to legislate and enforce protections.
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A Nature Medicine correspondence proposes tracking how quickly Ebola alerts lead to investigation, isolation and care, alongside conventional surveillance coverage. It cites DRC outbreak figures showing high reported case and death totals despite extensive alert investigation and contact follow-up.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports gene-expression pathway changes after 24-hour drug exposures in human endometrial assembloids. The laboratory findings identify simvastatin and primaquine for further study, not as established endometriosis treatments.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that genetic and drug-based SARM1 inhibition protected axons in mouse models relevant to multiple sclerosis. The drug preserved visual function without preventing demyelination.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that TFAM-insufficient CD8⁺ T cells in influenza-infected mice were associated with lung immunopathology and weaker later immune responses, without improved viral control. The researchers also observed age-associated declines in TFAM expression and mitochondrial function in human CD8⁺ T cells.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that Chandipura virus infection in neuronal cells involves a shift from weakened antiviral signalling to mitochondrial stress, STING activation and GSDME-linked inflammatory cell death. Experiments targeting STING or GSDME altered neuronal injury, with different effects on viral replication.
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A bioRxiv preprint links the mitochondrial protein OPA1 to liver fibrosis through human MASLD analyses and experiments in mice. The mouse findings connect loss of OPA1 in liver cells with stellate-cell activation and fibrosis.
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A BMJ opinion article compares programmes that connect families facing financial hardship with support services through healthcare. Its authors argue that referrals can help families access existing benefits and reduce financial stress, but cannot make up for inadequate income.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that plasma mass spectrometry could detect some tumor-associated peptides, but neoepitope searches were constrained by limited overlap between cfDNA and tumor mutations and by MS sensitivity. Tissue remained the stronger reference for identifying tumor mutations and neoepitopes.
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A medRxiv preprint meta-analysis of 11 studies found that higher continuous glucose monitoring time in range was associated with lower odds of diabetic kidney disease. Most included studies were cross-sectional, so the findings do not establish cause and effect.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that a RoBERTa model classified depression-related Twitter users with 0.822 accuracy on an 80/20 training–testing split. The study also used GPT-4o to identify themes in posts, including societal pressure and low self-esteem.
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A small cross-sectional preprint reports overlapping clinical and immune findings among people with post-acute COVID-19 and a group with persistent symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination. The results describe similarities between the groups but do not determine what causes the symptoms.
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NASA plans to study blood flow and clotting, vision, piloting, exercise and landing forces during SpaceX Crew-13. The investigations are intended to inform astronaut health measures and future mission planning.
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A Nature Medicine correspondence argues that debate over polygenic scores in England’s NHS depends partly on what prevention is meant to achieve. The authors say risk thresholds, outcome measures and comparators shape how the evidence is judged.
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A bioRxiv preprint links neutrophil alpha-defensins to mitochondrial changes and fat accumulation in liver cells. The proposed pathway is supported by cell experiments and a mouse model, while the patient findings are correlational.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that DIO2 is concentrated in cancer-associated fibroblasts across several solid tumours. In a genetically engineered mouse model, loss of Dio2 in the tumour microenvironment significantly reduced tumour growth.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that engineered Salmonella strain AD51, combined with intratumoral IFNγ, reduced tumour burden in mouse ovarian cancer and melanoma models. The findings are preclinical.
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A medRxiv preprint reports different somatic mutation patterns in blood and arterial samples from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Only four identical variants were found in both tissues among 221 matched pairs.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that CD4+ T cells help activate a CD8+ T-cell response that causes heart-muscle injury in a genetic model of immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis. The findings distinguish immune-cell infiltration from the cytotoxic activity linked to tissue damage.
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A BMJ research methods paper presents INSPECT-SR, a 21-check tool for assessing the trustworthiness of randomised controlled trials in systematic reviews. It guides reviewers to judge concerns across four domains, but is not a fraud-detection or risk-of-bias tool.
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In a randomized phase 2 trial, evorpacept plus trastuzumab, ramucirumab and paclitaxel produced higher response rates than the same regimen without evorpacept. The trial met its prespecified response-difference threshold between treatment arms, but not its statistical target against a historical benchmark.
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A study of 95,559 UK Biobank participants found that accelerometer-estimated REM sleep was associated with lower incidence of 83 diseases. The observational analysis also found that estimated minimum-risk sleep duration for most of the conditions with non-linear associations fell between 6 and 8 hours.
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In a mouse study reported as a bioRxiv preprint, IL-10 mRNA in lipid nanoparticles restored microbiota-transplant engraftment and subsequent resolution of C. difficile infection.
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Google says developers and health organisations are adapting its open-weight MedGemma models for screening, triage and public-health tools. Projects described include pilots at AIIMS Delhi and screening initiatives in India, Zambia and Indonesia.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports anti-SDMA autoantibodies in 30–40% of people with systemic lupus erythematosus. In a separate validation cohort of 201 patients, antibody levels correlated with disease-activity scores and complement levels.
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An analysis of double-blind trials found small average QTc increases with escitalopram and amitriptyline, with effects varying by individual risk factors. A separate analysis found no evidence of increased early sudden-death rates compared with placebo.
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An INSERM Ethics Committee correspondence argues that embryo genome editing and genomic embryo selection should be considered together as both develop. The authors distinguish recent embryo research from a clinical indication for heritable editing.
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Clinical psychologist Manasi Kumar argues that climate loss-and-damage policy should recognize and measure mental-health harms alongside damage to livelihoods, ecosystems and cultural ties. Her Nature World View draws on experiences in coastal Kenya and Gujarat.
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A letter in The BMJ argues that recurrent missed appointments should prompt clinicians to consider possible undiagnosed or inadequately treated ADHD. It presents this as one possibility alongside wider circumstances that can affect engagement with care.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that a hepatitis B virus basal core promoter mutation increased viral activity in human-hepatocyte chimeric mice, with effects that varied by viral genotype. Analysis of human liver-tumour datasets also found distinct gene-expression profiles associated with the mutation.
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A bioRxiv preprint links NR2F1-related changes in retinoic-acid signalling in mouse retinas with foveal abnormalities seen on OCT in people with BBSOAS. The findings point to a retinal component of the syndrome’s visual pathology.
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A medRxiv preprint reports higher C-index estimates for several survival outcomes when Evo2-derived tumor-sequence features were added to existing risk models. The study analysed 102 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma and a separate 129-patient TCGA cohort; clinical use requires further validation.
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A bioRxiv preprint associates a platelet-related circulating tumour-cell profile in breast cancer with poorer overall survival. It also proposes a CD40LG–ITGA5:ITGB1 signal involving monocytes as a candidate for further study.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that clade B serpins are associated with transitional airway cells and goblet-cell differentiation in COPD. The findings combine tissue profiling with in-vitro cell models and point to a possible research target, not a tested treatment.
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A medRxiv preprint reports improved clinical outcomes and changes in immune markers after N-acetylcysteine treatment in cancer patients with severe COVID-19. The clinical comparison used severity-matched patients treated before the trial began.
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A systematic review and external validation assessed 48 models for predicting four adverse pregnancy outcomes using more than 1.58 million UK pregnancies. Most showed limited discrimination and substantial miscalibration in the UK cohort.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that changes involving DNMT1 can reduce CTCF binding at the KMT2A gene and promote copy gains and rearrangements. The findings come from experimental molecular research, not a clinical study.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that harmine plus exendin-4, given after low-dose anti-CD3 therapy, promoted remission in diabetic mice. Human cell experiments also showed effects on beta-cell function and immune responses.
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An analysis of the NHS-Galleri trial reports Galleri’s performance across three annual screening rounds, including falling episode sensitivity in later rounds. The trial’s primary endpoint—a reduction in stage III/IV cancer diagnoses—was not met.
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A US county-level analysis found that the way daily PM2.5 concentrations were distributed through the year added mortality-predictive information beyond the annual average. The study was posted as a medRxiv preprint and estimates predictive performance rather than a causal effect on individual mortality.
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A medRxiv preprint identifies a MYOF missense variant associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and describes a calcium-handling mechanism in patient-derived heart cells and mice. The findings point to the MYOF–CaV1.2 pathway as a potential therapeutic target, but remain preclinical.
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Researchers from the UK Health Security Agency and the University of Oxford say genetic material acquired from other bacteria may have made the strain behind a deadly Kent MenB outbreak unusually effective at causing severe disease. The same changes may also help explain why the strain has not continued to spread widely.
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A Nature Medicine study identified menopause-related blood protein patterns associated with hormonal changes, brain aging and less favourable cognitive outcomes later in life. The observational findings provide a research framework for studying how the menopause transition may intersect with dementia risk.
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A South Korean phase 1b/2 trial found a 55% objective response rate when trastuzumab and nivolumab were added to gemcitabine and cisplatin for previously untreated HER2-positive advanced biliary tract cancer. The single-arm results provide early evidence for first-line HER2-targeted chemoimmunotherapy, while randomized confirmation is still needed.
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A Nature Medicine study developed EAGLE, an AI model that identifies esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions on noncontrast chest CT scans. It was validated across 80,612 patients in 12 centres and three countries, including routine and low-dose CT settings.
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A BMJ editorial argues that drug regulatory decisions should show more clearly when licensing committees disagree about benefits, risks and evidentiary uncertainty. It highlights the European Medicines Agency’s formal process for recording dissent.
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A medRxiv preprint describes a method that distils multimorbidity reasoning from large language models into smaller models using synthetic cohorts shaped like UK Biobank data. The resulting models achieved Spearman correlations of 0.75–0.89 and produced scores associated with improved survival prediction in a UK Biobank analysis.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 704 online health narratives reports that factual alignment with medical consensus and potential health risk are largely separate properties. The authors argue that health-information systems should assess both dimensions rather than rely on fact-checking alone.
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A six-month pilot in 138 cognitively normal adults used family history, genetics and plasma pTau217 to identify people at higher Alzheimer’s risk. Participants who received personalised lifestyle coaching reported less worry, while cognitive scores and lifestyle-risk measures remained unchanged and pTau217 showed only a slower rise.
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A BMJ opinion article argues that reproductive, maternal and community health services should be funded as essential climate adaptation infrastructure. It highlights how climate shocks can disrupt care and deepen risks for women and marginalised communities.
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A letter in The BMJ argues that similar findings across maternity reviews over 11 years point to problems shared across the maternity system, rather than isolated hospital failures.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that the receptor GPR182 helps aortic endothelial cells take up LDL and promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation in multiple mouse models. Blocking the receptor with an antibody reduced aortic lipid uptake and disease progression under high-cholesterol conditions.
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A medRxiv preprint describes an open-source framework that synchronized 6,384 hours of chronic deep brain stimulation recordings with wearable data from three people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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A medRxiv preprint analysed 344 postoperative drain-fluid samples from 67 pancreatic and colorectal surgery patients. It found that leakage was associated with different protein patterns over time in the two types of surgery.
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A retrospective study of 10,634 percutaneous coronary interventions found radiation-alert threshold breaches in 0.93% of procedures and 2.1% of complex procedures. The authors developed an internally assessed score using early clinical and procedural variables.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports a nano-ring-assisted system for continuously regenerating peritoneal dialysate. In canine models, it reduced circulating uremic toxins by approximately 10%, while an improved version sustained removal for four hours.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that Ataraxis Breast CTX, a multimodal AI model using clinical data and H&E images, separated five-year disease-free survival in a selected group of 556 clinically high-risk, node-positive HR+/HER2- early breast cancer patients. An exploratory analysis found that everolimus benefit varied by the model’s score.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that chronic brain recordings from 24 people receiving deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant OCD distinguished likely responders before stimulation and tracked early treatment engagement. The findings describe a potential biomarker framework, but the study is still a preprint.
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An ETH Zurich preprint used physiological and environmental signals from 20 participants to distinguish ambient temperature, humidity and physical exertion with 94.7% Random Forest accuracy. The exploratory study is an early step toward person-centred heat monitoring and requires testing in real-world settings.
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A review by County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust found that 20 women underwent mastectomy without clinical need. It also identified excessive surgery in 32 women and delayed breast cancer diagnosis in 20 women.
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A BMJ editorial says fragmented care and inequities complicate cellulitis management, a condition linked to more than 100,000 hospital admissions annually in England. It highlights frequent misdiagnosis and calls for better diagnosis, health equity and recurrence prevention.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 8,741 female participants older than 70 reports that associations between menopause hormone therapy, cognition and brain structure differed by treatment formulation and APOE ε4 status. Among APOE ε4 carriers, estradiol-based therapy was linked to more favourable cognitive and imaging measures than conjugated equine estrogens.
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A methylation-based blood test detected recurrence of non-viral head and neck cancer with 76.9% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity, and preceded clinical detection by a median of 131 days in 60% of cases where both occurred. Positive results were strongly associated with worse one-year survival.
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A genome-wide association study of 140,559 adults from the Mexico City Prospective Study identified 78 independent signals for systolic blood pressure and hundreds more for other blood pressure traits, including variants rare in other populations.
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A BMJ editorial argues that major risks are often worsened when organisations fail to act on warning signs. It connects concerns about AI, vaccine safety surveillance and NHS management to weaknesses in risk escalation and accountability.
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A medRxiv preprint found that Staphylococcus dominance in endotracheal aspirates was associated with worse 60-day survival among mechanically ventilated patients with culture-confirmed Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Sequencing also linked higher bacterial burden to mortality.
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A surveillance-based modeling study estimates that a 2020 mass oral cholera vaccination campaign in Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo, averted 56% of infections and deaths over the following three years. The preprint estimates that 2,350 facility-attended cases and 44 facility and community deaths were prevented.
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A man with slowly progressing ALS caused by a rare CHCHD10 mutation showed improved motor-function scores and a biomarker associated with nerve damage returned to the normal reference range one year after receiving a mutation-targeted antisense oligonucleotide treatment.
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A BMJ obituary recalls Hazel Thornton’s 1991 decision to decline a clinical trial for ductal carcinoma in situ and her campaign for informed choice in medical care. Her experience highlighted how treatment uncertainty should be communicated to patients considering research participation.
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A draft UK order would preserve the General Medical Council’s power to appeal decisions made by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service. A BMJ letter says prolonged proceedings can impose a substantial financial burden on doctors.
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A Nature Medicine study links levetiracetam use with longer survival in children with diffuse midline glioma and reports reduced tumour growth in mouse models. The findings point to a tumour-selective effect on GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses and require prospective clinical testing.
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The Thirlwall Public Inquiry found that doctors’ concerns about Lucy Letby were dismissed at the Countess of Chester Hospital and that earlier police involvement might have saved some babies. It recommended tighter neonatal monitoring, insulin-access controls and a barring system for NHS managers dismissed for serious misconduct.
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Pennsylvania has reported a fourth measles-associated death, involving an 18-year-old, according to a 16 September 2026 report in The BMJ. The deaths are not included in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s national measles mortality tally.
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A survey reported by The BMJ suggests that more than half of England’s integrated care systems lack enough capacity to diagnose childhood asthma in line with current guidelines. The guidelines recommend fractional exhaled nitric oxide testing as the first-line diagnostic test for children with a history of asthma.
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A preprint study of 1,268 South African adolescent girls found that DXA-measured body composition, particularly central fat distribution, is associated with elevated blood pressure. The findings highlight the importance of body composition balance and modifiable factors like sedentary behaviour.
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A genome-wide association study involving more than one million people examined how genetic variation contributes to personality traits and may influence physical health, mental health and behaviour. The findings highlight genetic effects without separating them from the role of environment.
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A bioRxiv preprint uses spatial multi-omics and 3D imaging to map melanoma tumours treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The study links organised immune structures, including tertiary lymphoid structures and germinal centres, with treatment response and disease-free survival.
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A medRxiv preprint found that appropriate-use guidance reduced nuclear stress-test ordering for some emergency observation-unit patients. Echocardiogram use increased, leaving combined use of the two tests essentially unchanged.
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Nature Medicine has issued an Editorial Expression of Concern about a 2015 letter on EZH2 dependence in SWI/SNF-mutant cancers. The notice identifies similarities in several figure panels and says the original data are no longer available.
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A single-centre retrospective preprint found that modified Morrow myectomy produced lower one-year LVOT gradients, while Liwen ablation was associated with fewer new conduction abnormalities and shorter procedures and hospital stays. The authors describe the findings as a trade-off requiring prospective confirmation.
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A secondary analysis of Nigeria’s 2023–24 Demographic and Health Survey found that 72% of mothers attended antenatal care, but only 12.3% were tested for hepatitis B there. Infant birth-dose coverage was 55%.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that restoring several TDP-43 cryptic targets, including Unc13a, protected spinal motor neurons in a mouse model of early-stage ALS more effectively than targeting Unc13a alone.
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A medRxiv preprint links moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time activity with lower BMI, waist-to-height ratio and central-adiposity risk in adults aged 60 to 80 at high cardiovascular risk. The analysis found the strongest reduction in central-adiposity risk up to about 400 MET·min/day.
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A medRxiv protocol describes the MINTS study, which will examine 14 home-based motor-imagery neurofeedback sessions in 21 people with chronic stroke and persistent upper-limb impairment. The study will combine mobile EEG, stationary EEG, functional MRI and repeated motor assessments.
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A letter in The BMJ argues that bereaved families must remain central to efforts to improve maternity safety. It highlights recurring system failures identified by UK maternity inquiries, including staffing, leadership, communication and delayed escalation.
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A study of 1,065 BCI episodes in ALS patients finds AI agents do not reduce unsafe execution, but a hybrid architecture with an external gate shows promise.
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NHS England will make trastuzumab deruxtecan, sold as Enhertu, available to around 1,000 women with HER2-low advanced or metastatic breast cancer after their disease progresses following treatment.
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EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use issued positive opinions for 12 medicines at its 14–17 September 2026 meeting, including a rabies vaccine, two biosimilars and two generics. The recommendations remain subject to European Commission decisions.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that abnormal uterine bleeding linked to fibroids and bleeding arising from a primary endometrial disorder show different molecular and cellular features. The findings support investigating cause-specific treatment strategies, but the study did not test personalised therapies.
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A medRxiv preprint reports 41 genetic risk regions associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, including 14 not previously reported in the analysis. The study also describes a polygenic risk score and possible mechanisms involving HLA-A*02:01, ERAP2 and DNA topology.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that laromestrocel reduced measures of brain inflammation and atrophy in 49 people with mild Alzheimer’s disease. The findings come from an early clinical study and have not yet been published as a peer-reviewed journal article.
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A medRxiv preprint uses an agent-based model to link mpox clade IIb’s persistence to asynchronous transmission across connected global sexual-contact networks. The model estimates that local extinction became much less likely when transmission continued in other regions and later re-entered Europe.
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A medRxiv preprint evaluated 14 general-purpose large language models on eight schizophrenia symptoms in clinical summaries from a 704-person severe mental illness cohort. Performance was poor to moderate overall, with negative symptoms extracted less accurately than positive symptoms.
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A preclinical mouse study found that the investigational tuberculosis regimens PaBQU and DBQU acted more slowly in complex lung lesions than in mice without such lesions. The findings identify a possible factor behind their failure to meet a clinical treatment-shortening target.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that plasma p-tau217 showed the broadest association with later Alzheimer’s-related brain atrophy among cognitively unimpaired participants. The observational analysis included 818 people and 2,293 longitudinal brain MRI scans.
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A bioRxiv preprint reports that transplanted hearts rapidly assimilated recipients’ biological age in mouse experiments and patient analyses. The effect was detected in graft tissue, not as a change in the recipient’s systemic biological age.
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A Hokkaido University study of 56 japonica rice varieties identified 196 lipid molecules and found distinctive lipid profiles in black and green rice. These varieties also showed slower starch breakdown than typical white rice in a laboratory digestion model.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified Leptospira genetic material and provided species-level assignments in archived samples from suspected Philippine leptospirosis cases. The method detected pathogenic Leptospira in 60% of qPCR-positive samples that were negative by the microscopic agglutination test.
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A medRxiv preprint describes severe neuroimaging access constraints in Chad, where one older 0.35 T MRI scanner serves a population of about 21 million. The analysis identifies cost, centralisation, unreliable electricity, maintenance support and workforce shortages as linked barriers.
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A medRxiv preprint estimates that ensitrelvir post-exposure prophylaxis for high-risk household contacts in Japan would cost JPY 16.82 million per QALY gained. The model found this was unlikely to meet Japan’s JPY 5 million-per-QALY cost-effectiveness threshold.
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A medRxiv preprint combines single-molecule testing of 91 KIF1A variants with longitudinal clinical data from 343 patients to classify disease trajectories and predict adaptive-behavior scores.
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A medRxiv preprint describes a modified endpoint QuIC assay that detected prion seeding activity in sporadic CJD brain samples within six hours, with some results available in two hours. The assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in the reported CSF testing.
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A 2026 readjudication of the 330-person ADVOCATE trial found avacopan produced remission rates similar to a prednisone taper in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. The preprint also reports lower glucocorticoid exposure and toxicity with avacopan.
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A medRxiv preprint used proteome-wide Mendelian randomization to identify 11 plasma proteins associated with early-onset stroke, defined as stroke occurring before age 60. The strongest signals involved coagulation and thromboinflammatory pathways, with Factor XI highlighted as a potential therapeutic target.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes a receptor-free electrochemical method for detecting cortisol using a defect-engineered graphene interface and a time-resolved measurement strategy. The researchers report low-nanomolar detection in artificial and biological interstitial fluids, supporting future work on continuous cortisol monitoring.
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A prospective medRxiv study of 121 adults found six anaerobic species enriched in anal squamous cell carcinoma compared with high-grade lesions. The microbial pattern persisted during follow-up and changed after treatment initiation.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that 12 weeks of adapted tango improved clinical and motor outcomes in people with mild-to-moderate Parkinson’s disease. Leader and follower roles were associated with partly different changes in brain-network connectivity.
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A BMJ qualitative study of 30 adults actively pursuing assisted suicide in Switzerland identified six interacting motivations, from autonomy and relationships to multidimensional suffering and fear of losing capacity.
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An observational study of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis found Epstein–Barr virus-associated immune signals and expansion of atypical B cells weeks to months before clinical relapse. The findings identify a possible peripheral precursor of relapse, but the connection to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord remains unresolved.
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A multicentre phase 1 trial in China tested the AAV gene therapy BBM-H901 in 11 adolescents with severe or moderately severe hemophilia B. At 52 weeks, mean factor IX activity was 41.8 IU/dl and the mean annualized bleeding rate had fallen from 13.9 to 0.5.
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An international prospective study evaluated a blood assay that combines a 10-microRNA signature with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for detecting early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The composite PANXEON score showed 86.8% sensitivity for stage I–II disease in the testing cohort, but the researchers say larger prospective studies are still needed.
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A medRxiv preprint reports striatal atrophy and increased caudate iron accumulation in asymptomatic female carriers of the genetic variant associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. The findings came from multimodal MRI in 42 carriers compared with 61 healthy controls.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that none of 7,388 people screened across 12 local government areas in Nigeria’s Osun State tested positive for circulating filarial antigen. The researchers say the result supports progression to the first transmission assessment survey, while chronic elephantiasis cases still showed substantial blood-count abnormalities.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes two patient-derived anti-HPA-1a antibodies and finds that one induced platelet aggregation through coordinated binding to HPA-1a and FcγRIIa. The laboratory study provides a mechanistic explanation for functional differences among antibodies involved in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
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A longitudinal analysis of 188 countries from 2000 to 2023 found that Hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction was associated with lower meningitis disability-adjusted life-year rates. The largest reported association was in the African meningitis belt, although the study describes the results as population-level vaccine-associated changes rather than strictly causal effects.
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A single-centre observational preprint reports treatment-associated improvement in several catatonic signs among autistic patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. The findings highlight how catatonia may resemble worsening autism during later regression.
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A bioRxiv preprint describes IL-2IT, a bispecific fusion protein designed to carry IL-2 to oxidation-specific epitopes at inflamed sites. In laboratory and in vivo models, the treatment showed greater Treg selectivity and benefits in psoriasis, colitis and atherosclerosis models.
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A medRxiv preprint found that language models often produced numbers consistent with clinical evidence but struggled to adapt those numbers to patient-specific cases and actions. Explicit inputs, calculations and complete decision rules substantially improved performance in controlled tests.
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A medRxiv preprint maps a COL4A5 intronic mutation hotspot and reports that one antisense oligonucleotide restored normal RNA splicing and collagen expression for multiple variants in patient-derived cells. The work is a preclinical study, with no treatment of patients reported.
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A longitudinal analysis of 3,792 people found that more periods outside education, employment or training between ages 16 and 33 were associated with poorer mental-health outcomes at age 33. The findings come from a medRxiv preprint based on the ALSPAC birth cohort.
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A medRxiv preprint based on 752 young adults in a North Indian city found that victimisation was indirectly associated with suicidal ideation and attempts through physical violence and depressive symptoms. The study used a structural equation model to examine these pathways.
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A six-patient preprint found higher interferon-related gene scores in blood samples associated with dermatomyositis flares. The feasibility study used weekly at-home blood microsampling and RNA sequencing.
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A medRxiv systematic review and meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials involving 519 patients found that EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent had higher technical success than ERCP with a self-expandable metal stent for malignant distal biliary obstruction. Procedure time and postprocedural pancreatitis risk were also lower, while clinical success and overall adverse events were comparable.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing preoperative imaging from 999 people with newly diagnosed glioblastoma found that a tractography-based measure of tumour involvement across white-matter pathways was more consistently associated with overall survival than tumour volume. The finding is based on a multi-institution imaging and survival analysis, not a treatment trial.
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A medRxiv preprint analyses more than 4.29 million audiograms and models human hearing as a continuous five-dimensional system rather than a set of fixed types. The secondary analysis could provide a new framework for studying hearing change, but it is not a clinical trial or treatment study.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 50,463 free-living meals from 992 adults without diagnosed diabetes found that model-derived glucose-response scores estimated from three days of monitoring approximated scores from 14 days. The analysis also identified two major dimensions of individual meal responses and tested them against 4,524 held-out standardized meals.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that repeated odour cues delivered during sleep improved PTSD symptoms and accelerated treatment response when paired with 12 weeks of trauma-focused psychotherapy. The findings combine a mechanistic study in healthy participants with a randomized clinical trial.
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A Nature Medicine study describes a fully on-premise clinical AI agent that combines diagnostic reasoning with repeated-run consistency checks. On a seven-disease benchmark, the system retained 98.9% accuracy among cases selected for autonomous handling at a defined consistency threshold, while routing the rest for review.
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A phase II randomized trial found that two long-acting broadly neutralizing antibodies delayed HIV rebound during closely monitored treatment interruption in men who began antiretroviral therapy early. Secondary analyses linked prolonged control to antibody sensitivity, resistance evolution and a reduction in intact proviral reservoir measurements.
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A medRxiv preprint links the timing of early-life exposure to mixtures of nine metals with risk-taking, reward sensitivity and task-related brain activity in adolescents from a Mexico City birth cohort. The observational findings come from tooth biomarkers and functional MRI data.
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A medRxiv preprint introduces EMERGENe, a phylogenetic framework that estimates how transmissible bacterial traits are acquired and expand. Tests using simulations and 3,745 Shigella sonnei genomes detected known resistance trends and additional emerging traits.
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A medRxiv preprint estimates that PCV20 was 20.4% effective against culture-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalisations among U.S. adults aged 65 and older. Effectiveness was higher in the Western region, where the study identified a high burden of serotype 4 disease.
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A Swedish case-control study found that a specific sugar-modified form of CA-125 was associated with ovarian cancer diagnosed several years later. The preprint suggests a possible early-risk signal, but larger studies using repeated samples are needed.
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A medRxiv preprint evaluated an ambient AI scribe across a multilingual, controlled corpus and found that word error rate did not reliably identify rare, clinically consequential transcription errors. The authors argue that frequency-based accuracy measures should be complemented by context-aware clinical-risk assessment.
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A prospective observational study at two tertiary-care hospitals found that broad whole-genome sequencing detected many Gram-negative genomic clusters involving patients without multidrug-resistant isolates or intensive-care exposure. The medRxiv preprint also found that detection increased with sequencing effort and that blood-culture-only surveillance would have identified very few clustered patients.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that altered placental LBX1 was associated with spontaneous preterm birth in analyses of 70 placentae and 53 maternal plasma samples. Cell findings suggest a pathway involving nuclear import, ribosomal disruption and the unfolded protein response.
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A medRxiv preprint compared matched blood and bone-marrow cell-free DNA from 74 people with multiple myeloma. Peripheral-blood cfDNA matched or exceeded marrow-plasma cfDNA for several genomic signals, while fragment patterns varied by sample compartment and handling.
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A medRxiv preprint analysing 12,944 participants from nationally representative cohorts in China, England and the United States found that higher estimated cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower risk of developing two or more cardiometabolic conditions. The observational study suggests that a non-exercise fitness estimate may help characterise risk, but it does not establish that increasing fitness prevents these conditions.
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A medRxiv preprint reports seven genomic risk loci associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome after analysis of UK Biobank and All of Us data. The findings provide leads for studying the condition’s biology, but the study is based on a preprint and no locus was significant across all three cohorts.
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A medRxiv systematic review and meta-analysis found that the blood biomarker GFAP distinguished intracerebral hemorrhage from ischemic stroke, with pooled specificity of 87.2%. Accuracy was higher in samples taken within two hours, but sensitivity remained limited, particularly for smaller hemorrhages.
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A systematic review of 230 human low-intensity focused ultrasound experiments found that acoustic settings associated with neural facilitation or suppression differed between cortical and subcortical targets. The medRxiv preprint introduces SonoMap, an interactive resource for comparing these parameter-effect patterns.
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A medRxiv preprint identifies a possible manufacturing mechanism behind REP/CAP DNA sequences found in the liver of a patient treated with the rAAV gene therapy Zolgensma. The proposed mechanism involves the placement of the AAV P5 promoter in a manufacturing plasmid.
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Whole-genome sequencing of 7,851 parent–offspring families linked distinct assisted reproductive technology procedures and parental age with de novo mutations associated with gestational duration and other birth outcomes.
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A Nature Neuroscience study used a single high-density brain implant to decode attempted speech and upper-body gestures in parallel from people with paralysis. The outputs drove a virtual avatar and displayed speech as text, while context-inclusive training improved decoding across isolated and simultaneous tasks.
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The EMA’s Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products adopted positive opinions for Cirbloc, a vaccine for pigs, and AviGate S. Typhimurium, a vaccine for chickens. The committee also advanced guidance on antimicrobial use, pharmacovigilance and user safety.
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A medRxiv preprint combining genetic and single-cell analyses identifies bone-marrow macrophages as a possible link between aging and osteoporosis. It nominates TGFB1 and HNRNPUL1 as regulators in this relationship, based on observational, genetic and transcriptomic evidence.
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A longitudinal study of 3,119 older adults found that Alzheimer’s disease dementia risk was associated independently with pathological burden and cognitive resilience. The two factors also interacted, with the highest risk among people with high pathology and low resilience.
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A medRxiv preprint finds that Ethiopia’s current meningococcal surveillance cannot determine whether protection from the MenAfriVac campaign is waning or which non-A serogroups are circulating. An indirect model estimates population protection fell from 85% in 2015 to 24% in 2024.
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A UK analysis of around 980,000 adults found that people reporting six or more cups of tea or coffee at “very hot” temperatures had three times the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with those reporting warm drinks. The result came from more than 10 years of health-record follow-up and describes an association.
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The European Medicines Agency says new manufacturing sites for Visudyne have been approved, reducing reliance on a single US-based active-substance site. Full supply across the European Union is expected to be restored in 2027.
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Researchers report a framework that combines language-model extraction from clinical notes with structured EHR data to build computable patient trajectories. In a GLP-1 receptor agonist analysis, it tracked weight, HbA1c and note-derived outcomes over time.
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A medRxiv preprint evaluated a large-language-model pipeline for assessing risk of bias in neurological prognosis studies. Agreement with original human assessments was limited, while a small comparison suggested a similar level of agreement to that between human raters.
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A medRxiv preprint identifies two auditory nerve response patterns in older adults, including one associated with MRI and histological signs of reduced myelin integrity. People with this poorer-synchrony pattern reported greater hearing difficulties relative to their hearing thresholds.
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A small clinical trial gave ten women with advanced osteoporosis a single infusion of their own bone-marrow cells treated with fucose. The participants later experienced far fewer fractures from low-impact trauma, although the study had no control group.
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A retrospective study of 2,396 people with advanced NSCLC found clinical-data AI models outperformed single biomarkers and helped physicians predict treatment response and survival.
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A medRxiv preprint evaluates BanffNET indices that summarise kidney-transplant biopsy injury and distinguish several Banff pathology categories. The model was assessed across 6,407 biopsies and a multi-reader study involving 67 pathologists.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that a risk score based on 28 gut microbial species was associated with cancer diagnoses during up to 10 years of follow-up. The finding comes from an observational analysis and represents a candidate biomarker for future validation, not a clinical screening test.
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A medRxiv preprint reports a ligation-mediated PCR method that used long-read sequencing to resolve genomic contexts around four clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in wastewater. Across 13 Washington state treatment plants sampled twice, the method found distinct context clusters, including 11 putatively novel qnrS-associated clusters.
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In a randomized phase 2 trial, teclistamab produced deeper responses and longer progression-free survival than lenalidomide-dexamethasone in people with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. The study found high rates of complete response and minimal residual disease negativity after fixed-duration treatment.
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A Nature Medicine study reports CRISP, a clinically oriented pathology foundation model developed using more than 100,000 frozen sections, with prospective evaluation in more than 3,000 patients.
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The FDA has authorized Abbott's Libre Duo 10 Day system for people aged 2 years and older with diabetes, allowing continuous glucose and ketone monitoring from a single wearable sensor.
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The FDA has approved once-daily brepocitinib tablets for adults with dermatomyositis, based on a phase 3 trial that showed better disease-control scores than placebo.
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Samsung Medison has launched the HERA Z10 premium obstetrics and gynecology ultrasound system, adding AI-assisted workflow and imaging tools to its HERA Z series.
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WHO has linked new clinical guidance, paediatric formulation priorities and medicine-access work to expand diagnosis and treatment for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease, especially in high-burden countries.
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NIH researchers identified rare antibodies that blocked human allergic antibodies from binding alpha-gal-containing red-meat allergens in laboratory tests, a finding that could inform future therapies but is not yet a treatment.
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The European Medicines Agency has opened a voluntary pilot allowing medicine developers to submit data from New Approach Methodologies and receive regulatory feedback on their potential use.
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EMA's safety committee has started a review of all injectable iron-containing medicines after reports of serious hypophosphataemia and related bone problems, including osteomalacia.
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The FDA has approved camizestrant with a CDK4/6 inhibitor for selected patients whose HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer develops an ESR1 mutation during first-line therapy.
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The FDA has approved zilganersen for children and adults with Alexander disease, making it the first approved therapy for the rare neurological disorder.
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New WHO guidance adds an equity lens to national antimicrobial-resistance plans, focusing on water and sanitation, access to health services and essential antibiotics, and surveillance.
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WHO's second-edition dementia risk-reduction guidelines expand the 2019 recommendations with a life-course approach that includes healthy behaviours, management of health conditions, environmental risks and tailored multidomain interventions.
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A new WHO systematic review of studies published from 2010 to August 2025 found that the most rigorous evidence does not support a causal association between vaccines, including thiomersal-containing vaccines, and autism spectrum disorder.
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WHO, Gavi and partner organisations have launched a permanent global mpox vaccine stockpile so countries can obtain outbreak-response doses through an established emergency-allocation mechanism.
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WHO has invited manufacturers to submit 12 priority childhood cancer medicines for prequalification, including six drugs needing better paediatric formulations and six affected by access or supply problems.
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WHO has validated Timor-Leste's elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, which means the disease is no longer considered a public-health problem anywhere in WHO's South-East Asia Region.
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WHO has validated Bhutan as the first country in its South-East Asia Region to eliminate dog-transmitted human rabies as a public health problem, after more than two years without a human death from dog-mediated rabies.
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WHO has released an updated package of guidance and access measures aimed at improving treatment for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.
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A Nature study found that late-life semaglutide treatment improved several measures of ageing and extended lifespan in older female mice; whether similar effects occur in humans is unknown.