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Khabre desk
Recent reporting, analysis and explainers from the Neurology desk.
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A Nature Medicine study found that T-cell patterns in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were associated with ALS progression in different ways. CMV-specific immune responses were also linked to faster progression or shorter survival in some patient groups.
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A single-centre preprint reports that disease-specific models using one plasma protein panel classified Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and ALS in a 302-person neurological cohort. The authors say multicentre external validation is needed before clinical application.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that surgically induced renovascular hypertension caused white-matter injury in rats, with brain AT1R signaling implicated in the damage. Human cohort analyses linked renal artery stenosis and angiotensin receptor blocker use with MRI measures of white-matter disease.
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A cross-sectional UK Biobank study found that white matter lesion volume had a different association with brain parenchymal fraction in people carrying certain NOTCH3 variants. The findings come from a medRxiv preprint and need to be interpreted in light of the small number of carriers studied.
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A Nature Medicine study identified menopause-related blood protein patterns associated with hormonal changes, brain aging and less favourable cognitive outcomes later in life. The observational findings provide a research framework for studying how the menopause transition may intersect with dementia risk.
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A six-month pilot in 138 cognitively normal adults used family history, genetics and plasma pTau217 to identify people at higher Alzheimer’s risk. Participants who received personalised lifestyle coaching reported less worry, while cognitive scores and lifestyle-risk measures remained unchanged and pTau217 showed only a slower rise.
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A medRxiv preprint describes an open-source framework that synchronized 6,384 hours of chronic deep brain stimulation recordings with wearable data from three people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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A medRxiv preprint reports that plasma p-tau217 showed the broadest association with later Alzheimer’s-related brain atrophy among cognitively unimpaired participants. The observational analysis included 818 people and 2,293 longitudinal brain MRI scans.
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A medRxiv preprint describes a modified endpoint QuIC assay that detected prion seeding activity in sporadic CJD brain samples within six hours, with some results available in two hours. The assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in the reported CSF testing.
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An observational study of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis found Epstein–Barr virus-associated immune signals and expansion of atypical B cells weeks to months before clinical relapse. The findings identify a possible peripheral precursor of relapse, but the connection to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord remains unresolved.
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A medRxiv systematic review and meta-analysis found that the blood biomarker GFAP distinguished intracerebral hemorrhage from ischemic stroke, with pooled specificity of 87.2%. Accuracy was higher in samples taken within two hours, but sensitivity remained limited, particularly for smaller hemorrhages.
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A systematic review of 230 human low-intensity focused ultrasound experiments found that acoustic settings associated with neural facilitation or suppression differed between cortical and subcortical targets. The medRxiv preprint introduces SonoMap, an interactive resource for comparing these parameter-effect patterns.