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Nitrogen-fixation variation persists across maize relatives

A two-year field study of 60 Zea accessions found that some had 20–40% of their nitrogen derived from the atmosphere. Aerial-root traits changed more consistently across the domestication continuum than this measure of biological nitrogen fixation.

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Nature study maps how salicylic acid activates plant defence genes

A Nature study in Arabidopsis maps how salicylic acid activates plant defence genes through NPR1 and relieves NPR3/NPR4-mediated repression. It identifies MED15A and chromatin changes that connect hormone perception to transcription.

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A 16,645-graft study finds limited genetic control of grapevine success

A bioRxiv preprint analysing 16,645 bench-grafted grapevines found that scion genetics explained a limited share of success variation. The study identified one modest, reproducible signal on chromosome 7, while most variation was linked to events affecting entire grafting bundles.