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Human H1N1 strains repeatedly favoured α2,6-linked glycans

A bioRxiv preprint comparing human H1N1 strains collected from 1977 to 2024 reports a recurring preference for α2,6-sialylated glycans. The study also found changes in binding avidity and a binding-null egg-adapted mutant.

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A Model Uses ACE2 Sequences to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Host Range

A bioRxiv preprint describes a transformer model trained on 8.8 million measured SARS-CoV-2 RBD–ACE2 interactions. It predicts receptor-binding compatibility across animal species and pairs predictions with uncertainty estimates to help prioritise surveillance.

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H5N1 and H5N5 Found in Six Red Foxes in Norway

A bioRxiv preprint reports H5N1 and H5N5 infections in six red foxes in Norway between 2022 and 2024. The investigation found systemic infection and detected a mammalian-adaptation marker in two H5N1 viruses.

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RSV study maps mutations that can weaken infant antibodies

A Nature study tested nearly all single amino-acid mutations in RSV’s fusion protein and measured their effects on two antibodies used to prevent severe disease in infants. Resistance-associated sequence patterns were rare in current surveillance data, while the results provide a framework for tracking viral escape.